The National Electric Code (NEC) and your municipalities codes are the ultimate authority to answer this question. The NEC does state in Article 312, that an electrical enclosure located in a wet or damp location shall be weatherproof. So if your home’s electrical panel installed outside and it is exposed to the elements, it should be in a weatherproof enclosure. Consult with a local electrician to evaluate your specific installation to be sure.
Here is a link to the NEC code section: http://www.freenec.com/T141.html